Antenna

ANTENNAE
Antennas are the most decisive factor of any RF propagation as they transfer electrical signal on wires into radio waves and vice versa. EM waves that hit a receiving antenna cause electrons to flow in the conductor and create a current. A varying electric field causes a magnetic field, and the wave is off.
The design of the antenna structure is very essential in transmitting radio waves. A competent antenna must have accurate dimensions which are determined by the transmitting frequencies. For relatively low radio frequencies, the dimensions of the receiving antenna are not so crucial. But, it becomes more noticeable as the frequency of the signal being received extends.

Usually, high gain antennas transmit energy more narrowly and precisely while low gain antennas direct energy in a broader, wider range. With a directional antenna, the same amount of power reaches the antenna, but the antenna design can reflect and direct the radio frequency (RF) energy in tighter and stronger waves, just as with a flashlight.
Greater range can be acquired with an external antenna combined with transmitter/receiver. Antennae are usually sized at certain fractional wavelengths, like ¼, ½, or 5/8. One very realistic length for a simple antenna is ½, wavelength, which is generally termed as dipole. The physical length is associated to the EM wavelength. A dipole for 2.4 GHz, for example, would be 6.25 cm. Naturally, a bulky external antenna will restrict the mobility to a laptop user. There are numerous types of antennae; some are highly directional and some others are omnidirectional, with signal gains of 3 to 25 dB.

Many antennas are omnidirectional. A directional antenna, for a given amount of input power, can travel to a greater distance with clearer signals. Generally, directional antennae are applied to replace wireline. I suppose omnidirectional antenna is best for indoor use.

प्रण

अहो! निकै समय पो बितिसकेछ, मैले ब्लग अप्डेट नगरेको। यसको लागि यहाँहरु सबै सँग क्षमा माग्छु। कतिपय मित्रहरु, शुभचिन्तकहरुले मलाई ईमेल मार्फत निकै भन्नु भो, सुझाव दिनु भो र कतिपय मित्रहरुले म 'अल्छी' भएको आरोप समेत लगाउनु भो। मैले स्पष्ठिकरण दिनुपर्दा म आफ्नो कामको उच्चतम चापमा थिएँ। दोस्रो, म आफ्नो पढाईको समापन बिन्दुमा पनि थिएँ। धेरै थोरै अल्छि पनि गरेको हुँला। त्यसमा शङ्का छैन। आयन्दा 'नियमित' र अपडेटेड रहने प्रण गर्छु। अस्तु!

रमाईलो साँझ:

नेपालबाट बिभिन्न उद्देश्य लिएर यहाँ UK मा आएका नेपाली साथीभाईहरुले आफ्ना परंपरा, रीतिरिवाज तथा चालचलन अपनाउँदै आइरहेका छन्। दशैं-तिहार, सानातिना चाडपर्व, जन्म दिवस या यस्तै अन्य विभिन्न function मा भेला भाई आपसी चिनाजानी, मनोरन्जन तथा दु:ख-सुखको आपसी साटासाट गर्ने गर्छन् उनीहरु यहाँ। यस्तै एउटा सानो कार्यक्रम अन्तर्गत हिजो 12 Douglas Avenue, Wembley मा एउटा सानो भेला भएको थियो। उक्त भेलामा सुशील, रविन, सुभाश, भोज, आनन्द, सुशिन आदि महानुभावहरु भेला भई एक-आपसमा खानपीन तथा मनोरन्जन गरे। उक्त अवसरमा लिईएको भिडियो रेकर्डको सानो अंश यहाँ प्रश्तुत गरेका छौं। हेर्नुहोला:

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पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह यहि २०६५ ज्येष्ठ २९ गते बुधवार तदनुशार 11 June, 2008 का दिन नारायणहिटी छाड्नु अघि नेपाली दाजुभाइ दिदी बहिनीको नाममा दिएको सम्बोधनको अंग्रेजी रुपान्तर मैले http://www.ekantipur.com/ मार्फत जस्ताको तस्तै यहाँ सभार गरेको छु:

Dear Nepalese brothers and sisters,

This country which came into being 240 years back as a garden of four castes and thirty-six sub castes as imagined and established by our ancestor His Majesty, the Great King Prithivi Narayan Shah, is going through a period of very serious and sensitive upheaval. It is well known that the Nepalese Monarchy which has always been activised for the people's prosperity and progress has always been working together and cooperating with the happiness and woes of Nepalese people. Burning examples of that are unification, preservation of nationalism, democratization, and modernization through the united efforts of the king and national integrity as equivalent to the value of our lives. Our committed energized feelings towards these values and standards have remained constant from the past and are equally strong in the present and will remain so in the future.


I would like to inform everybody concerned that when seven years back because of an unnatural, unexpected and tragic incident while shouldering the responsibility of Head of the state according to the national heritage and ages of old monarchical traditions, I had no other interests except considerations for the sovereignty, independence, national pride, territorial integrity, peace and institutional development of democratic, and overall progress of all the citizens. In the then Hindu kingdom of Nepal, the birth place of Buddha the efforts started, with the best of intention trying to ensure the peace and prosperity in the country were not successful overtime, which I have already accepted earlier. The chain of events and ensuring results are obvious to everybody like an open book.
I would like to express, with God as my witness, certain things which I couldn't express earlier because of my official responsibilities but which was troubling my inner heart all the time, through you dear journalist friends to my Nepalese brothers and sisters and the international community. May be we should call it a destiny that when I was innocent child, I had neither any wish nor desire nor any possibility of having a distinct role except the compulsion to have to quietly accept the crown. Likewise, for the second time when an unimaginable and horrifying event took place on the night of Jestha 19th, 2058, I could not express through word my internal pain when I was compelled and tied up by the chains of tradition and duty without being even able to shed tears over the mortal remains of those respected and beloved family members and lighten the burden of pain at the gruesome destruction of my close relatives. Even at that time some people blamed and accused me and my family with great indiscretion and cruelty but we had no alternative but to tolerate that too, nor were there people who spoke on our behalf. Being prejudiced against me and my family members the efforts which were continuously started through different means by taking advantage of those circumstances and events, have been very painful to us and are still so. Other members of Royal family who were wounded and but survived the incident in the Royal Palace are still alive. They are also witness to it. The bullet fragments, which couldn't not be taken out for technical reason are still in the body of my wife who was also wounded and survived. The detailed facts had also come out from the medical doctors involved in their treatment. The high level Royal Investigation Commission had already made public the detailed report about the incident. When all Nepalese people and the Royal Family were overwhelmed with grief, at that time, to level accusations and blame in this way seems to be a strategy to damage the goodwill of the Nepalese people towards the institution of Monarchy and to spread ill will, which was also not compatible with human suffering.
Likewise, I have also heard false rumors about allegations that I have property abroad. All my property is in Nepal. I have no movable or immovable property in foreign lands. The property which had been bequeathed to me from my ancestors, according to Nepalese laws is also not in my name and I have institutionalized it maintaining that property and have only conserved it. During the last seven years neither have I added to any property nor have I taken any actions by which the traditional property of any members of the Royal family. I believe that I would also have rights to maintain private property according to the prevalent laws of Nepal.
Respecting Constitutional Assembly elections and the decision taken by the constituent assembly meeting on Jestha 15th, I am cooperating in every way towards the successful implementation of that decision. I have not also thought of leaving the country. I would like to leave in my own Motherland and contribute in whatever way possible for greater good of the country and peace in this land. I believe that there will be support from all sectors.
I pledge to be completely dedicated to the independence and territorial integrity of the nation of Nepal which was formed and has remained independent and sovereign because of the blood, sweet and sacrifice of the great ancestors of us Nepalese, wherever and whatever circumstances I may be in. I love the independence of this nation. My feelings and sentiments are that of sanctity, individuality and original values of this independent nation should always be preserved. My heartfelt good wishes are for the overall welfare of the self respecting common Nepalese people.
Today, on this date, I have handed over the Crown and Scepter used by the Kings of Shah dynasty and which has remained as heirloom in this dynasty to the Government of Nepal for safekeeping and protection for ages to come.
Finally, on behalf of my family members and myself, I would like to express my sorrow, if anybody has been inadvertently hurt by actions of my own or of the members of my family while I was working as Head of State for the welfare of Nepal and the Nepalese. I would like to express gratitude to all citizens, constitutional organs, judicial sector, security organizations, civil servants, teachers, professors, students, farmers, laborers, industrialists, businessmen, intellectual youths, religious organizations, journalists, civil society, personnel working in the Royal palace service and all others from different walks of life and all the other associated Nepalese inside and outside Nepal who extended their cooperation to me. I would also like to thank the friendly neighboring countries who have always wished well for Nepal, the international community and representative of diplomatic corps. I would also like to thank the members of the Committees for Security and management recently deputed by the Government of Nepal. I would like to thank the government of Nepal for all the help and cooperation extended to me. I also hope that like now, I would keep on getting the same level of necessary cooperation from the Government of Nepal in the future too.
May Lord Pashupatinath bless us all.
Jaya Nepal

White City स्थित BBC कार्यलय भवन र नजिकैका द्रिष्यहरु:

लोक गीत सुन्ने कि?

आफ्नो देशबाट आएपछि आफ्नो घरपरिवार,

आफ्नो गाउँघर, समाज तथा बोलिचाली, रहनसहन इत्यादिको याद त आउनेनै भयो। कहिले काही आफ्नो भाषाको गीत


पनि सुन्न पाए कस्तो हुन्थ्यो होला भन्ने हुन्छ। अत: यस्तै तिर्सनालाई मेटाउँन हामीले यो ब्लग

मार्फत केही गीतहरु पस्कने निधो गरेका छौँ। यसै अनुरुप अहिलेको अंकमा पालो परेको छ, एउटा लोक गीतको। लत, सुन्नुहोस् न त कस्तो रहेछ यो लोक गीत?